Differences Between Early Strength Agent and Water Reducing Agent

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Analysts at JPMorgan recommended selling or "underweight" emerging market local currency sovereign debt because of the global impact of the Ukraine-Russia crisis.

JPMorgan estimated that fixed-income assets in emerging markets have lost 6-9 percent of their value since Russia invaded Ukraine a month ago, with nervousness about the war and its impact on global energy and food prices adding to existing pressures.

Some leading emerging market central banks are signaling that interest rates now need to rise faster than previously expected, which fuels fears of "stagflation". Stagflation means when high inflation and higher interest rates undermine economic growth.  

With both the U.S. Federal Reserve and emerging market central banks raising interest rates, JPMorgan also said it made sense to "underweight" emerging market assets by taking advantage of the recent pullback in local currency bond yields relative to TREASURIES.  

JPMorgan said major metals exporters such as South Africa, Chile, and Peru could still do well, but warned that emerging market fixed income assets now faced a more "stagflationary" trajectory.

The markets and prices of many commodities, metals, chemicals like the pce powder still face uncertainty.

Definition

Early strength agent refers to the admixture which can improve the early strength of concrete and has no significant effect on the late strength. 

Water reducing agent is a kind of concrete admixture which can reduce the water consumption under the condition of keeping the slump of concrete basically unchanged. 

Classification 

Early strength agents can be divided into strong electrolyte inorganic salts, water-soluble organic compounds, organic and inorganic compound early strength agents according to their chemical composition. 

Water reducing agent according to the chemical composition is usually divided into lignosulfonate type of water reducing agent, naphthalene series of high-efficiency water reducing agent, melamine series of high-efficiency water reducing agent, amino sulfonate series of high-efficiency water reducing agent, fatty acid series of high-efficiency water reducing agent, polycarboxylate series of water reducing agent. 

Composition

Early strength agent in addition to chlorine salt and sulfate nitrite, chromate and other organic compounds such as triethanolamine, calcium formate, urea and so on. 

Water-reducing agent category is different, the composition is also very different, mainly a kind of surfactant, is widely used in the third generation of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent. 

Use 

Early strength agent does not contain chloride ion, no corrosion of steel bar, applicable to all civil and industrial buildings and prestressed reinforced concrete members, mortar and so on. It is most suitable for construction under low temperatures in early winter and early spring.

Water reducing agent is widely used in high-speed railway, high-speed, civil, industrial buildings and prefabricated parts factory, etc., with wide applicability and suitable for four seasons. 

Note

Early strength agent dosage is 3-6% of cement. In order to keep the quality of concrete mixed with this agent uniform, people need to extend the mixing time by 1-2 minutes. Concrete mixed with early strength agent cannot use orthopedic active minerals (such as opal). This agent such as damp agglomerate phenomenon, must be crushed or weathered rear can be used, its performance unchanged. 

Because there are many kinds of water-reducing agent, it is necessary to choose the appropriate type of water-reducing agent according to the needs of the project. In winter construction, it is recommended to choose the third generation polycarboxylate water reducing agent.

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